Should the federal government provide health care to all American Term Paper

Should the national government give social insurance to every single American resident - Term Paper Example Discussing the American medicinal services framework and the clinical protection in the US, it is important to make reference to that the least fortunate layers of the general public need to remain behind the enhancements of the majority rule life. Despite the fact that individuals are American residents, the standards of the Constitution don't allude to them, unusual as it might appear. As probably the most extravagant nation devoted to the angles of popular government, the United States ought to never abandon furnishing individuals with essential and propelled social insurance. Else, it shows its underdevelopment in this field. The general conclusion on this issue is as per the following: â€Å"A June 12-16, 2009 survey shows that 64% of Americans state social insurance ought to be a right† (ProCon 1). It causes everybody to have confidence in the open desire for balance as far as human services possibilities. Then again, the rivals of the human services for all Americans ma y believe that buckling down ought to be the primary reason for letting individuals get their clinical inclusion and continue on social insurance administrations. Indeed the adherents of the industrialist method of living feel that if the central government appoints the widespread appropriate for human services, it will prompt the utilization of duty incomes for masses which resembles in the communist method of living (ProCon 1). Be that as it may, the United States is as yet a colossal and the principle indebted person to the world nations and to China (communist nation), specifically. Subsequently, it ought to be an update for the authorities in their attempts to improve for the electorate. The inquiry is that it is actually a disfavor to the United States when 46 million individuals are revealed with clinical protection (Phillips and Bostian 136). On the planet field, America appears not all that alluring when individuals from different nations see a low pace of social assurances for all residents. On the opposite side, every single American chat on the vote based system which should address each nation of the world render invalid for this situation. Truth be told, Americans have experienced the risks of the organization in the national government letting every single conventional individuals cast unfastened. Neither Clinton nor Obama was able at presenting the social insurance change in the short run. This is the reason Americans secured by the protection feel uneasiness about their future: â€Å"All Americans presently anticipate that Medicare should be there for them when they arrive at the age limit, or on the off chance that they become crippled, and utilize this information in their budgetary planning† (Levine 31). Subsequently, when the authorities talk about that not all Americans hear protection, it makes the popular conclusion directly inverse to the possibility of the suitable Medicaid realizing that human services is the biggest business in the nation utilizing 14 million individuals (ProCon 1). All around, behind the social insurance, there may stand individuals with exclusively business intrigues going separated from the human beliefs of majority rules system. To state more, the US human services framework ought to be reexamined first. Obviously, to make changes work out, the authorities are to think about their guarantees before the electorate. Notwithstanding, one of the fundamental hindrances to the all inclusive social insurance framework is â€Å"the superfluous discontinuity of the US conveyance system† (Shi and Singh 2). In this regard alongside the general want of authorities and common individuals to make the all inclusive medicinal services conveyance framework conceivable, the US central government

Evluation of narrative work of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evluation of story show-stopper - Essay Example Some time ago is seen by some as a notice; as if this prelude was set up as the pre-cursor to the present Evaluated PG-13 (Liquori). The arrival of the semi-historical film, The Brothers Grimm, assisted with bringing the customary fantasies of the Grimm Brothers into the 21st Century while offering a sensational look into their lives (Fisher). The film, a dream based portrayal of the lives of the Grimm Brothers, ties a few components found all through their most well known stories. The film offers the crowd a one of a kind point of view into the characters and attitude of the Grimm Brothers. Their topics, predominant all through their stories, were stressed by their utilization of puzzle, interest, and savagery. The film starts towards the finish of the eighteenth Century in a little house (Times), probably the house that Will and Jacob Grimm experienced childhood in. In the film, the sister is biting the dust, and Jacob has been sent to offer the family's dairy animals to pay for a specialist to support her. Rather, he comes back with a bunch of beans and a story that they were supernatural. Will is enraged with Jake, and it is inferred that their sister kicked the bucket because of his error (Times 1). Obviously, in one of the siblings' most celebrated stories, Jack and the Beanstalk, a little youngster sold the family dairy animals to acquire the cash they required (Stauffacher); when the beans were tossed from the window, a monster beanstalk developed driving Jack on a mystical experience. All through the film, the demise of their sister demonstrates to profoundly affect the lives of both Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm. In all actuality, the young men's dad kicked the bucket when they were both extremely youthful (Baxter, Lindquist and Mauck, Grimm Brothers: Biography). This awful mishap push the Grimm family into destitution; and the Grimm siblings surrender to emulate their dad's example: going to school and gaining degrees in law and in the long run turning out to be prestigious educators (Baxter, Lindquist and Mauck, Grimm Brothers: Biography). The film likewise depicted these two young men as researchers, and made a few references to their high insight (Damon and Ledger). Moreover, the film depicted the Grimm siblings as explorers. In spite of the fact that, during their genuine lives, the siblings voyaged both together and exclusively to gather stories (Cooper) while in the film they were depicted as voyaging scalawags (Damon and Ledger). As extortionists, instead of gathering fantasies from narrators, they would make the tales by vanquishing counterfeit apparitions, devils, and witches, until they were incidentally up to speed in an aggregate of a portion of the present most unmistakable stories: complete with the Enormous Bad Wolf, the abhorrent sovereign concealed away in a pinnacle, and captivated timberland, and even a heap of a few dozen sleeping cushions. Terry Gilliam, the movie's executive, was exceptionally eager to do a film in which she could modify a portion of her preferred youth fantasies and make a fantasy out of the Grimm Brothers (Miramax 1). A few people accept that the Grimm form of these fantasies are dull conceivably unreasonably dim for youngsters. Terry Gilliam, the movie's chief, communicated alarm that the film was evaluated as a PG-13 (Damon, Science Fiction Weekly). As an eager peruser of Grimms' Fairy Tales, on-screen character Matt Damon remarks on the dim idea of these accounts: perhaps it was simply being a kid, or possibly my mom didn't peruse every one of them, however returning and understanding them, better believe it, they were extremely dull. I

Racing Thoughts and Bipolar Disorder

Racing Thoughts and Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Racing Thoughts and Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Everyone occasionally experiences situations that cause their mind to race. Imagine that feeling amped up several notches and persisting without relief and you have an idea of what its like to experience racing thoughts. This symptom often signals a hypomanic or manic episode in people living with bipolar disorder, although there are other possible causes.?? Characteristic Features Racing thoughts are more than just thinking fast. Rather, they are a rapid succession of thoughts that cannot be quieted and continue without restraint.?? They can progressively take over a persons functional consciousness and gallop out of control to a point where daily life can be affected. This symptom can become so severe that it interferes with the ability to sleep. When talking with someone experiencing racing thoughts, its usually readily apparent because they not only speak at a rapid clip but also quickly jump from one topic to another. This outward manifestation of racing thoughts is called flight of ideas.?? Thus, racing thoughts and flight of ideas are two sides of the same coin.   Racing thoughts might revolve around rhythms, almost like a broken record without sound. They might include a bar of music, a snippet of a conversation, a sentence in a book, or dialogue from a movie that repeats in ones mind. Importantly, racing thoughts do not involve hearing voices, a symptom associated with schizophrenia and other types of psychotic disorders.?? Racing Thoughts in Bipolar Hypomania and Mania Racing thoughts are often one of the first symptoms to develop when someone with bipolar disorder is entering a hypomanic or manic episode.?? It can beâ€"but is not alwaysâ€"a debilitating experience. Some people describe it as having excessive thoughts that move quickly, but with a sense of fluidity and pleasantness. In others, however, the experience can be jarring. Concentration can become increasingly difficult, and the inability to quiet the relentless onslaught of thoughts can prove unnerving and disruptive.?? It is not unusual to hear of people who need to play word games for an hour or two just to settle their thoughts enough to sleep. Racing thoughts and flight of ideas in the context of a hypomanic or manic episode are accompanied by other signs and symptoms that might include:?? Pressured speechReduced need for sleepPersistently elevated or irritable moodIncreased energy and restlessnessIncreased distractibilityGrandiose thinkingRisk-taking behavior Mania in Bipolar Disorder Racing Thoughts That Predate Bipolar Disorder People who experience hypomaniaâ€"as opposed to full-blown maniaâ€"are typically able to maintain their daily functioning and, as such, often go undiagnosed until their first depressive episode occurs.?? So, racing thoughts and flight of ideas may predate a person being diagnosed with bipolar disorder, typically type II. Additionally, racing thoughts and flight of ideas that occur without the requisite number of accompanying symptoms to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of hypomania or mania may identify a person at risk for eventually developing bipolar disorder.?? This is sometimes referred to as a subthreshold bipolar disorder. Racing thoughts and flight of ideas accompanied by an elevated or irritable mood appear to increase an individuals risk for eventually developing the full-blown bipolar disorder, as reported in a study published in 2013 in the Journal of Affective Disorders. Other Considerations Racing thoughts and flight of ideas can occur with conditions other than bipolar disorder, including major depression and anxiety disorders.?? Certain drugs can also cause racing thoughts, such as methamphetamine and cocaine. Withdrawal from these drugs as well as opiates and heroin can also cause racing thoughts. While racing thoughts can be a symptom of a mental disorder, they are not specific to a particular illness. The accompanying signs, symptoms, mood, and behaviors help distinguish among the various possible causes of this symptom. Talk with your doctor if you experience racing thoughts, especially if they interfere with your ability to work, sleep, concentrate, or interact with others. Once the cause of your symptoms is identified, you can receive appropriate treatment.

The Museum Of Art The Philbrook Museum - 884 Words

The Philbrook Museum of Art is easily the best museum Tulsa has to offer, and since I have been there before I probably wasn’t going into with a fresh mindset. However, I think the additional knowledge of art I learned through the couple of years in between allowed me to appreciate even more of the art there. I went there with Prof. Trotter and most of the class of art appreciation. I don’t think that most people that go there realize that the museum has such a rich history, and some of the art there is exceptional in my opinion. We went there November 6th, it was a sunny Friday, and I was able to get off work so it made the visit even more fun. The museum was located in the heart of one of richest neighborhoods of Tulsa, which makes sense considering the museum was once owned by a wealthy oilman. I went to the Philbrook not only to make sure I was able to write this essay, but because I truly love art throughout history. I have learned a lot about art, history, and even life from the last time I was at the Philbrook, and this time around I came out with great appreciation for the Italian Renaissance Revival Style that was used throughout. My first go around the formal gardens were closed for whatever reason, so I never got to see it. This is why my favorite architecture would have to be the garden. When Prof. Trotter explained to us that the pond was setup to ensure a reflection of the tempietto or museum would always be seen I thought it was pure genius. OneShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Bathsheba At Her Bath971 Words   |  4 PagesFrench artist. This piece was made in 1750 in the Rococo era using oil on canvas. It depicts a scene from the Bible when King David watches Bathsheba bathing. The painting’s first owner was Marquis de Marigny and now it is hanging in the Philbrook Museum of Art. Unlike other Bathsheba paintings, this oil portrait shows a different perspective which focuses on t he beauty of the human body and the royal luxurious life. Before describing the artwork, there are couples of things we should know about

Understanding Stratified Samples and How to Make Them

A stratified sample is one that ensures that subgroups (strata) of a given population are each adequately represented within the whole sample population of a research study. For example, one might divide a sample of adults into subgroups by age, like 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60 and above. To stratify this sample, the researcher would then randomly select proportional amounts of people from each age group. This is an effective sampling technique for studying how a trend or issue might differ across subgroups. Importantly, strata used in this technique must not overlap, because if they did, some individuals would have a higher chance of being selected than others. This would create a skewed sample that would bias the research and render the results invalid. Some of the most common strata used in stratified random sampling include age, gender, religion, race, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and nationality. When to Use Stratified Sampling There are many situations in which researchers would choose stratified random sampling over other types of sampling. First, it is used when the researcher wants to examine subgroups within a population.  Researchers also use this technique when they want to observe relationships between two or more subgroups, or when they want to examine the rare extremes of a population. With this type of sampling, the researcher is guaranteed that subjects from each subgroup are included in the final sample, whereas simple random sampling does not ensure that subgroups are represented equally or proportionately within the sample. Proportionate Stratified Random Sample In proportional stratified random sampling, the size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the strata when examined across the entire population. This means that each stratum has the same sampling fraction. For example, let’s say you have four strata with population sizes of 200, 400, 600, and 800. If you choose a sampling fraction of  ½, this means you must randomly sample 100, 200, 300, and 400 subjects from each stratum respectively. The same sampling fraction is used for each stratum regardless of the differences in population size of the strata. Disproportionate Stratified Random Sample In disproportionate stratified random sampling, the different strata do not have the same sampling fractions as each other. For instance, if your four strata contain 200, 400, 600, and 800 people, you may choose to have different sampling fractions for each stratum. Perhaps the first stratum with 200 people has a sampling fraction of  ½, resulting in 100 people selected for the sample, while the last stratum  with 800 people has a sampling fraction of  ¼, resulting in 200 people selected for the sample. The precision of using disproportionate stratified random sampling is highly dependent on the sampling fractions chosen and used by the researcher. Here, the researcher must be very careful and know exactly what he or she is doing. Mistakes made in choosing and using sampling fractions could result in a stratum that is overrepresented or underrepresented, resulting in skewed results. Advantages of Stratified Sampling Using a stratified sample will always achieve greater precision than a simple random sample, provided that the strata have been chosen so that members of the same stratum are as similar as possible in terms of the characteristic of interest. The greater the differences between the strata, the greater the gain in precision. Administratively, it is often more convenient to stratify a sample than to select a simple random sample. For instance, interviewers can be trained on how to best deal with one particular age or ethnic group, while others are trained on the best way to deal with a different age or ethnic group. This way the interviewers can concentrate on and refine a small set of skills and it is less timely and costly for the researcher. A stratified sample can also be smaller in size than simple random samples, which can save a lot of time, money, and effort for the researchers. This is because this type of sampling technique has a high statistical precision compared to simple random sampling. A final advantage is that a stratified sample guarantees better coverage of the population. The researcher has control over the subgroups that are included in the sample, whereas simple random sampling does not guarantee that any one type of person will be included in the final sample. Disadvantages of Stratified Sampling One main disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it can be difficult to identify appropriate strata for a study. A second disadvantage is that it is more complex to organize and analyze the results compared to simple random sampling. Updated by  Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Employment law Free Essays

string(233) " test and therefore more information would be required in relation to the situation within the employer company, although on the face of it, Norman has a strong argument to support the claim for unfair dismissal against the company\." Abstract There are two employees both of whom are having difficulties with the employer Computer plc (the company). At this initial point, it is noted that both employees have been employed for a period of more than two years and therefore both employees could potentially bring actions for unfair dismissal, or would potentially be eligible for redundancy payment, if either of these situations are deemed to be appropriate[1]. In the case of Norman, he has not actually been dismissed but is facing an increasingly difficult working position whereas Duncan has been dismissed by the company and therefore both situations will need to be dealt with individually and the law applied individually. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction – Norman Norman is employed on a permanent, full-time contract and originally this contract stated that he would be required to work within a specific geographic region. Attempts were made by the management team to change his contract of employment to include a much broader mobility clause, which the company is now seeking to enforce by requiring Norman to move to any other part of the country, originally on a temporary basis, but potentially on a permanent basis. Insertion of Mobility Clause Norman stated that he was unhappy with this new two year contract, but continued to work for the company for a prolonged period of time and therefore it could be argued that he had, by implication, accepted the change of terms. Of particular relevance is the Aparau case[1]. In this case, a mobility clause was inserted into a contract as a change which the employee never accepted but did continue to work for the company for a period of over a year. As the mobility clause has not had an immediate effect on their day-to-day working, the fact that they have continued to work could not be seen as an implied change to the contract, which has been accepted. Based on this, it is argued, in this case, that Norman has not accepted the change to his contract of employment and therefore the mobility clause requiring him to change his location of work to anywhere in the UK would not be applicable to him[2]. Constructive Dismissal The question therefore moves on to consider whether this would be deemed to be a sufficient change of contract that Norman could refuse to work for the company and resign and argue that he had been constructively dismissed, which would potentially give rise to a claim of unfair dismissal. In order for unfair dismissal to be claimed, the individual must necessarily have actually been dismissed, unless there is some action by the employer which is so substantially in breach of the contract of employment that it is reasonable for the employee to consider themselves dismissed. As noted by Lord Denning, constructive dismissal takes place where the actions of the employer are such that the employee can argue that the breach has gone to the heart of the contract and the employee can no longer be held to be bound by such a contract[3]. In order for constructive dismissal to be established, it would be necessary for Norman to show that there had been a repudiatory breach of contract and this is done on an objective basis, meaning that the personal situation of Norman in relation to his wife would not be relevant in considering whether or not the employer has behaved in a way that would be deemed to be in repudiatory breach. Consideration would also need to be given as to whether the actions of the employer were within the range of reasonable responses and given the background to the reason why the vacancy became available in Exeter, there is at least a potential argument that the employer had acted in a reasonable manner by requiring Norman to cover the role of the Exeter sales representative for a period of time[4]. This discussion in relation to the reasonable responses shown by the employer would also be relevant if it came to the situation that Norman was arguing unfair dismissal from his position[5]. Based on the analysis here, it is argued that Norman were to be moved to Exeter on a potentially permanent basis, it could be deemed reasonable that there has been a breach of the contract. Based on this Norman could argue that he had been constructively dismissed, although it would however be necessary to look in more detail at the situation of the employer to see whether there are other sales representatives who may have been available and how reasonable it was to select Norman[6]. Finally, therefore, it would be then be possible for Norman to argue that he had been unfairly dismissed and to establish a schedule of losses which would reflect what he had lost from losing his position with the company[7]. It is probable that the company might argue that Norman had been dismissed for some other substantial reason such as the business needing to have an individual placed in Exeter in order to cover the injured sales representative. It would be necessary to look in more detail at the precise situation within the company and how reasonably it had acted when it came to selecting Norman as the individual to cover the region and whether there would have been other individuals who would be more suitable or more amenable to this transfer. Summary for Norman Based on previous case law, it is argued that the mobility clause would not have been incorporated into Norman’s contract and therefore any attempt to move him outside of the geographic location of his original contract could potentially be viewed as a repudiatory breach and he could argue that he had been constructively dismissed. This would then allow him potentially to bring an action under unfair dismissal, if he could show that the employer had behaved in an unreasonable manner towards him. This would be both an objective and a subjective test and therefore more information would be required in relation to the situation within the employer company, although on the face of it, Norman has a strong argument to support the claim for unfair dismissal against the company. You read "Employment law" in category "Essay examples" Introduction Duncan As was also the case with Norman, Duncan has been employed by the company for a period of more than two years and therefore has protection from being unfairly dismissed. Duncan has been subject to a disciplinary procedure in relation to his performance and has been more recently dismissed as a result of having alcohol in his blood system after a lunch time trip to the pub. However, a complication has arisen in relation to this latter issue, as it became apparent that he was spiked by another employee and did not knowingly consume alcohol. The key issue here therefore is whether or not Duncan has been fairly dismissed and whether the company has followed the necessary disciplinary procedures in order to effect his dismissal[8]. Unfair Dismissal The main statutory provisions which are relevant in this regard are contained within the Employment Rights Act 1996 which lays out the rules in terms of determining whether or not the dismissal is fair or not (Section 98). The requirement is put on the employer to show the reason for the dismissal and to show that the reason is fair or potentially fair. In this case, it is stated that Duncan was dismissed due to alcohol having been found in his blood system, something which is deemed to be gross misconduct in accordance with the contract of employment. On the face of it, therefore, and based on the case of Abernethy[9], an argument could be presented by the employer that, based on the facts which were known to them at the time of the dismissal, it is reasonable and fair to dismiss Duncan. However, a difficulty emerges with this argument being presented by the company, due to the fact that the company had been made aware of the events which led up to Duncan testing positive for alcohol and the fact that he had been spiked by his colleagues. Although it is noted that there have been concerns in relation to Duncan’s performance at work and he has been subject to several meetings in relation to this, the facts here indicate that Duncan was in fact dismissed by virtue of his alcohol intake. The position would be different if the company had gone through an informal process of attempting to improve the performance of Duncan and had ultimately dismissed him on the grounds of conduct and performance, but this is not the case and the issues here revolve around whether or not his dismissal for gross misconduct of having been drinking during a lunch break was on balance, fair and reasonable. Case law has argued that determining whether or not there has been an incidence of gross misconduct which would justify the dismissal of Duncan is a mixture of both fact and law[10]. Although it is stated that consuming alcohol is deemed to be gross misconduct, when applying this to the facts resented here, there is a strong argument that the reasonable response from an employer when faced with these facts would not be deemed as being gross misconduct, because the individual had not willingly consumed alcohol and therefore it would be potentially unreasonable for the employer to dismiss on this basis. This is particularly relevant when considered alongside the fact that the individual who undertook the spiking is not facing any form of disciplinary action. Disciplinary Procedure A further issue has emerged regarding the way in which the disciplinary procedure was undertaken, as Duncan was told that there would be no point in appealing his dismissal. This raises the question as to whether or not the ACAS code has been followed and failure to follow this code could result in an uplift of compensation for Duncan, if he is found to have been unfairly dismissed[11]. When a tribunal is faced with the decision as to whether or not an individual has been fairly dismissed, it will look not only at the reasons for dismissal but also if there are multiple reasons. Each individual reason will then be looked at to see whether the employer has acted reasonably, based on all of the information available. It is this latter issue that potentially presents Duncan with the best opportunity to argue that his dismissal was unfair as, by refusing to take into account the fact that he did not willingly consume alcohol and this has now been proven by the confession of his colleagues, it could certainly be argued that to consider him for gross misconduct would be unreasonable[12]. The test in this case was laid out in Burchell which is to look at what the employer reasonably believed at the point of dismissal; therefore, as it had not been made apparent that Duncan had not voluntarily drunk alcohol, there may have been some argument that the employer could have pre sented that it had acted fairly. Despite this, and with reference to the facts presented here, it is suggested that the dismissal of Duncan for consuming alcohol which he did not voluntarily consume, with no reference made to the individuals who spiked his drink, would not be deemed to be a reasonable reaction and the dismissal would therefore be deemed to be unfair. By refusing to allow an appeal to take place, this would be in breach of the ACAS disciplinary codes and this would potentially result in an uplift of up to 25% on the compensation awarded[13]. Summary for Duncan Although Duncan was subject to disciplinary procedures in relation to his performance the issue that has been raised here is in relation to gross misconduct by virtue of alcohol consumption. There is reasonable evidence to suggest that dismissing Duncan because of the consumption of alcohol would not be a reasonable reaction from his employer, based on the evidence that has been provided in relation to the fact that Duncan was in fact spiked. Failure to allow him an appeal was also a potential difficulty for the company and could result in an uplift of the compensation being received. References Abernethy v Mott, Hay Anderson [1974] ICR 323 Allders International Ltd v Parkins [1981] IRLR 68 Aparau v Iceland Frozen Foods plc [1996] IRLR 119 Bell, A (2006) Employment Law. Sweet Maxwell p.137 Bournemouth University Higher Education Corporation v Buckland [2009] IRLR 606 British Home Stores Limited v Burchell [1978] IRLR 379. Burnett, S and Holland, J (2012) Employment Law 2012, Oxford University Press, p.227 Collins, H (2010) Employment law. Oxford University Press p.167 Emir, A (2012) Selwyn’s Law of Employment, Oxford University Press, p.509 Employment Act 2008 Employment Rights Act 1996 Iceland Frozen Foods Ltd v Jones [1982] IRLR 439 Sandwell West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust v Westwood UKEAT/0032/09 Western Excavating (ECC) Ltd v Sharp [1978] ICR 221 How to cite Employment law, Essay examples Employment Law Free Essays Introduction This report will outline key arguments surrounding contemporary debates on UK employment law, which will provide a critical analysis from those that argue there is too much legislation and those that suggest there is not enough. It is beyond the scope of this report to generalise on employment law as a whole; it will therefore focus on the right to request flexible working, such as under the Employment Act 2002 and The Work and Families Act 2006 that has been subject to various reforms, amendments and regulations. This legislation has formed a significant debate as to whether such interventions ensure that individuals achieve a work-life balance, promote efficient working practice or create an unnecessary burden on UK businesses (Chartered Institute of Personal Development (CIPD), 2005, British Chambers of Commerce (BCC), 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now This analysis will also look at the introduction of new employment legislation for flexible working, and discuss the impact on working practices today, with a glance toward the shape of new legislation in the future (Chartered Management Institute (CMI),2008). Findings Background and Context The last three decades have seen a trend toward increasing employment legislation. At the same time the United Kingdom (UK) still has lower levels of employment protection and more labour market flexibility than other European states (Keter, 2010). The flexible market in the UK was inherited through the general laissez-faire attitude, where industrial labour and relation laws have been less state regulated than other European countries (Biagi, 2000). Keter (2010) suggests that today’s flexible market is also the result of more recent trends, which from 1979 saw the introduction of more labour regulations in terms of statutes enacted, but with the aim of setting labour free of interference from state control and what was seen as unnecessary social partners, such as trade unions (ibid). The introduction of a New Labour administration however saw a shift toward more family friendly employment legislation. A European directive from 1997 (European Council Directives 97/81/EC and 98/81/EC) provided that part-time workers be entitled to the same rights as comparable to full-time employees. The directives required European member states to implement laws, regulations and provisions to eliminate discrimination against part-time workers. The aim was to facilitate the development of part-time and other working time arrangements, that were flexible and met the needs of both employers and employees (Danzinger Waters Boots, 2008). In order to promote citizens full participation in the labour market, the enactment of The Employment Relations Act 1999, while continuing to ensure that labour relations were free of state control, provided a floor of rights, such as increased rights for fixed and part time workers, (Biagi, 2000). Along this trajectory, the Employment Act 2002 introduced legislation providing employees with young or disabled children the right to request flexible working arrangements by their employers, that was subsequently extended in The Work and Families Act 2006 to allow the same rights for carers of adults (Davies, 2011). Lewis and Campbell (2007) suggest that New Labour’s concern with promoting a ‘work-life’ balance underpinned it’s ideological approach to welfare, that saw active citizenship for all achieved principally through labour market participation (Levitas,2005). For all to participate, legislation has provided for the extension of childcare services and ma ternity leave and the introduction of parental and paternity leave. Further, rather than reducing working hours, the Labour government promoted the right to request flexible working hours as a way for families to manage their working patterns with their caring responsibility timetables (Busby and James, 2011). Hill et al (2001) describe flexible working to include activities such as; part-time, job sharing and homeworking or any variation outside of working the traditional nine until five working day. For example, working from home, where such practices are facilitated due to advances in mobile technologies (Civicus, 2008). Lewis Cooper (2005) argue that although in principle flexible working can take many forms, in reality, the main flexibility that UK employers offer is a reduction of working hours. From an employer’s perspective, employment legislation can also be seen as promoting the creation of work patterns and arrangements in order to maximise employment productivity, customer satisfaction and staff efficiency (Pettinger, 1998). This demand, Pettinger suggests, has come about as a result of the expansion of global markets, competition and choice, pressures on resources and increasing customer demands, together with changing patterns of consumption (ibid). Therefore, Pettinger (1998) suggests that against this backdrop, flexibility can be seen as a corporate attitude, whereby a fully flexible labour market is seen as generating a more effective workforce. Faulkener (2001) argues that while it is recognised that it is the above drivers that have influenced the development of flexible working practices, there is also another important agenda. Here, Jones and Jones (2011) identify that family friendly legislation is more representative of the ‘business case’ for flexible working legislation, which revolves around the identification of recruitment pools, particularly women, and the older population, who have yet to be fully exploited (Faulkener, 2001, Jones Jones,2011). Arguments Against more Employment Legislation According to a British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) (2010) report on employment regulation, a survey of British businesses see an emerging consensus that the proliferation of legislation providing flexible working conditions has become increasingly problematic. The report argues that the shift from the regulation of collective bargaining to individual employment contracts, later evolving into the volume and complexity of statutory legislation today, has led to difficulties with understanding and compliance (ibid). The report specifically attacks the piecemeal legislative approach to flexible working shown by the latest introduction of laws and regulations (see Appendix 1) According to the BCC (2010), such an approach has been criticised by businesses. The problem for companies is that constant changes in the law mean that employers must incur the cost of familiarising themselves as each new law is enacted, where there is a greater risk of mistakes. As a result, businesses need to bring their knowledge up to date since the previous change in the law, such as through employment law books and guides or paying for legal advice. Consequently, the report argues, employment legislation can act like a tax, by raising costs (ibid). The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) (2006) argue further that even if there is a belief that the increase of employment law can improve the flexibility of the labour market, there are still questions as to whether such legislation is fit for purpose. Against a backdrop of increasing employment legislation, a National Audit Office (2009) research paper also casts doubt over whether governments are able to understand business e nough to design effective legislation. The BCC (2010), representing one hundred thousand businesses, suggest that due to the volume and complexity of employment legislation, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), now need professional legal advice to settle disputes. In reality, the BCC argue, it is less expensive to settle disputes with the employee and prevent reputational damage than it is to defend a claim. The BCC therefore recommends streamlining and reducing the amount of legislation, for example, in a similar way that the anti-discrimination laws became consolidated by the Equality Act 2010 (ibid, 2010). Despite such criticisms, not all the findings in the business sector are negative. According to a Chartered Institute of Personal Development (CIPD) Survey Report (2005), who surveyed Human Resources professionals from over six hundred companies, the majority saw employment law as making a positive contribution to their businesses. This research suggested that the main barrier to effective implementation of employment law is the perception that there is too much employment legislation (ibid). In response, the Annual Employment Law Review by the Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) (2012) aims to tackle perceptions that there are ‘too many’ employment laws, through lobbying for reform, while ensuring that reforms are not at the expense of compromising fairness for individuals. The report argues that although businesses complain about the amount of employment legislation, in reality the UK has one of the most lightly-regulated labour markets among developed countries. Only the United States and Canada have lighter overall employment regulation (OECD Indicators of Employment Protection, 2008: cit in: BIS, 2012). Arguments in favour of more Employment Legislation The UK’s ‘light touch’ employment regulations may be reflected in their flexible working legislation. The right to request flexible working does not enforce employers to comply with individual requests, only to offer the procedures for them to do so. It is therefore argued that it is individuals (particularly with dependents) and the social organisations who support them, who favour increasing employment legislation, in order to provide fairness at work that ensures a work life balance (Burnett et al, 2012). In a 2012 report by Working Families and One Plus One, Happy Homes and Productive Workplaces, from a sample of over two thousand respondents, nearly eighty percent of respondents felt that flexible working was the most beneficial working arrangement (Burnett et al, 2012). However, the report argued that in order to support flexible working, further legislation was needed in order to promote arrangements that are mutually beneficial and embedded as a culture of flexibility, rather than an approach that manages requests as an exception to the norm (ibid). Along with relationship and family support organisations, a growing number of business and HR associations support further employment legislation and reform to push forward the benefits of flexible working (CIPD, 2013). Drawing on the findings of the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Study (WERS) the CIPD suggest that employment legislation needs to increase, due in part to a lack of effective mechanisms to tackle labour relations. The report points to recent socio-economic and political changes in the UK where an increase in employment law is becoming ever more essential. For example, the facilitation of employment legislation during the 1980’s and 1990’s discouraged union membership and reduced collective bargaining powers. This is reflected in the WERS study, in 2012, which shows very low levels of employee engagement in collective bargaining, only six percent in privat e businesses, with fourteen percent of employee trade union membership in the same sector (Wanrooy et al, 2011). The near absence of collective bargaining, although removing employer constraints on freedom of action, raises concerns over employee voice, where employment legislation may be seen as an attempt to close this gap (CIPD, 2012). Danzinger and Waters Boots (2008), argue that in reality flexible working legislation does not go far enough. Unions and parent advocacy groups argue that many workers who would benefit from flexible arrangements do not ask for them out of fear of being refused, or because of a fear that asking may jeopardise their careers. Research suggests that employees will only ask for flexible work if they believe their requests will be approved. It is also argued that flexible working legislation may reinforce gender inequalities by linking flexible work and care responsibilities, reinforcing a ‘mother career track’ that pairs women with demotions of pay and position. Further, unfair dismissal claims, involving refusal of flexible working, tend to favour women, who can rely on anti-discrimination legislation, such as in Adedeji v The City of London Corporation (2007) (see Appendix 2), in order to strengthen their claims (ibid). Future Changes to Flexible Working Legislation New flexible working employment legislation to come into effect in 2014 appears to address some of the above criticisms. The government plans to extend the statutory right to request flexible working arrangements to all employees (with over twenty-six weeks service) whether they are a carer or not. This removes the present requirement that the employee must have caring responsibilities. In addition, the procedure for considering flexible working requests, which is currently very prescriptive, will be relaxed and employers will instead be required to consider requests in a ‘reasonable’ manner and within a ‘reasonable’ time frame (ACAS, 2014). Currently, it is possible for an employee to claim compensation due to the employer’s failure to comply with the procedures laid down in the Flexible Working (Procedural Requirements) Regulations 2002. In Bryan v Corporate Advertising Ltd ET/2105111/10, although the tribunal rejected Mrs Bryan’s claim that she was constructively dismissed and subjected to indirect sex discrimination, it was however held that the company had breached the procedures laid down by the 2002 Regulations. This procedural breach may no longer by relied upon under the 2014 legislation. However, successful claims may still be used under anti-discrimination legislation. In Commotion Ltd v Rutty [2006] IRLR 171 (EAT), it was upheld that the employee had been subject to constructive unfair dismissal and indirect sex discrimination, due to the employer’s failure to have any lawful reason to reject flexible working conditions. However, in Winfindale v Debenhams Retail plc (ET/2404134/10, 20 Aug 2010), it was held that there was no indirect sex discrimination where an employer showed that they took seriously a request to return from maternity leave on a part-time basis to a manager’s role. According to a Equality and Human Rights Commission report (2009), proposed changes in flexible working legislation will continue to fail to encourage workers in management positions to request flexible arrangements (EHRC, 2009). The report suggests that under current legislation, employee’s in management positions are less likely to make a request for flexible working, and when they do, they are less likely to succeed (ibid). In the government’s Consultation on Modern Workplaces Report (2012), it is argued that current legislation that prioritises certain groups reinforces the idea that flexible working is only for those in caring roles, whereas the aim of the new legislation is to promote a culture where flexible working is a legitimate ambition for all employees (HM Government, 2009). Although the legislation proposes to ‘allow’ but not ‘require’ employers to prioritise competing requests, employers will continue to have to show that all competing requests cannot always be accommodated, in their entirety, on business grounds (ibid). Drawing on the CIPD report (2005), a large majority of employers find compliance with the current legislation relatively straightforward. Of those who have had problems, the main barrier to compliance is that managers find it difficult to manage employees on different flexible working arrangements. Given that the new legislation attempts to widen the right to request flexible working to all employees, employers may face an increased challenge to accommodate competing requests. However, according to the same report, since the introduction of the current legislation, less than one-tenth of employers have faced grievance or disciplinary proceedings, or an employment tribunal claim. Further, research shows that it is large multi-national companies that benefit most from flexible working arrangements. Among those benefits are improvements in staff retention, improved morale and a reduction in costs (CIPD, 2005). These reported benefits need to be balanced against arguments that oppose mor e legislation promoting flexible working (ibid). More significantly, the statutory provision to enable greater flexibility in the workplace looks set to increase in the future. In a recent report, Management Futures – The World in 2018 (2008), the findings predict that organisations will become more virtual, the premium for talent will increase, with new aspirations and ambitions of a multi-cultural, widely dispersed workforce (Chartered Management Institute (CMI),2008). Conclusion This report has attempted to provide an insight into the contextual background surrounding employment laws in the UK today. The focus on flexible working legislation may be seen as a salient debate, given the competing claims from employers, employees and the organisations that support them (Burnett et al, 2012). At the same time, against a backdrop of socio-political and economic changes there has been an increasing legislative response to address both the rights of individual workers and a drive to improve competition, efficiency and development in the market (Pettinger, 1998). Given the predictions of further changes in the labour market, statutory provision looks set to increase in response. The debate for or against increasing legislation surrounding flexible working therefore needs to be balanced with the benefit to both businesses and the rights of individuals (CIPD, 2005). Word count: 2644 Bibliography Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) (2014) Employment Law Update. Available [online] from: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3909 [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Anderman, S.D (2000) Labour Law:Management Decisions and Workers Rights:4th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) (2005) Employment Law: Burden or BenefitBCC Available [online] from: http://www.britishchambers.org.uk/ [Accessed on 4th January 2014] British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) (2010) Employment Regulation: Up to the JobMarch 2010. Available [online] from: http://www.thamesvalleychamber.co.uk [Accessed on: 4th January 2014] Biagi, M (2000) Job Creation and Labour Law: From Protection Towards Pro-action. The Hague: Klvwar Law International Burnett, S Coleman, L, Houlston C, Reynolds, J (2012) Happy Homes and Productive Workplaces: Summary Report of Research Findings. Available [online] from: http://www.oneplusone.org.uk [Accessed on: 4th January 2014] Busby, N James, G (2011) Families, Care-giving and Paid Word: Challenging Labour Law in the 21st Century. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd Chartered Institute of Personal Development (CIPD) (2012) Flexible Working Provision and Uptake Survey Report. May 2012. Available [online] from: http://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/5790%20Flexible%20Working%20SR%20(WEB2).pdf [Accessed on: 4th January 2014] Chartered Management Institute (CMI) (2008) Management Futures: The World in 2018. CMI. Available [online] from: http://www.managers.org.uk-research-policy-published-reports [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Civicus (2008) Strategic Directions 2008-2012 World Alliance for Citizen Participation Available [online] from: http://civicus.org/downloads/SDConsultation/Annex%209%20-%202008-2012%20CIVICUS%20Strategic%20Directions.pdf Danzinger, A Waters Boots, S (2008) Memo on the Impact of the United Kingdoms Flexible Working Act. Georgetown: Georgetown University Law Centre Davies, A (2011) Employment Law and Workplace Law Handbook: Human Resources. Cambridge: Workplace Law Group Ltd Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2012) Employment Law Review – Annual Update 2012. Available [online] from: http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/government/publication [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Department of Trade and Industry (dti) (2006) Employment Flexibility and UK Regional Unemployment: Persistance and Micro-economic Shocks. Employment Relations Research Series No.65. Available [online] from: http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file36144.pdf [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Equality and Human Rights Commission Report (2009) Flexible Working Policies: A Comparative Review. Research Report 16. Available [online] from: http://www.equalityandhumanrightscommission.com Faulkner, F. 2001 ‘The technology question in feminism: A view from feminist technology studies’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 2, No.1, pg.79-95. Hill, E.J., Hawkins, A.J., Ferris, M. Weitzman, M. 2001. ‘Finding an Extra Day a Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance’ Family Relations, 50(1): pg.49-58. HM Government (2012) Consultation on Modern Workplaces, Modern Workplaces – Government Response on Flexible Parental Leave. November 2012. HM Government. Available [online] from: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-modern-workplaces/ [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Honeyball, S (2008) Honeyball and Bowers Textbook on Employment Law:10th Edition. Oxford:Oxford University Press James, G (2006) The Work and Families Act 2006: Legislation to improve choice and flexibilityIndustrial Law Journal. Vol:35,issue 3 pp: 272-278 Jones, K Jones, E (2011) Flexible Working Practices in the UK:Gender and Management Perspectives. Women in Society, Vol 2 Autumn 2011Available [online] from: http://www.newport.ac.uk/research/Journals/wis/vol2/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed on 4th January 2014] Keter, V (2010) Issues in Employment Law: Key Issues for the New Parliament 2010. House of Commons Library Research, Social Reform. Available [online] from: http//wwwParliament.uk/document/key%20issues%20in%employment. [Accessed on: 4th January 2014] National Audit Office (2009) Complying with Regulation: Business Perceptions Survey 2009. 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The Children Act A Piece of Legislation Essay Sample free essay sample

The Children Act ( 2004 ) is a piece of statute law devising certain that every kid affairs this influences our day-to-day pattern as every kid has the right excessively being healthy therefor staff provide healthy repasts and promote kids to eat healthy at place. Staff would besides do certain the kids get adequate exercising while in their attention. Staying safe is another facet of the Children Act this means practicians must maintain kids safe by doing certain everyone in the scene has been CRB checked and all issues are locked. If a member of staff is concerned about the child’s public assistance we must describe it to guarantee the child’s safety. The Children Act states kids should be basking and accomplishing this influences working pattern as staff have to be after lessons which will be gratifying for the kids but besides make them accomplish. Making a positive part is another statement from the Children Act if all the above is achieved this should hike the chi ld’s assurance plenty so they do lend. We will write a custom essay sample on The Children Act: A Piece of Legislation Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act ( 2006 ) was designed to do certain that grownups working with kids and other vulnerable groups are assessed. This influences working pattern as scenes have changed the usage of voluntaries and other services. it besides makes certain people who have non been Criminal Records Bureau ( CRB ) checked must neer be left entirely with kids. The Equality Act ( 2010 ) simplifies the current Torahs and puts them all together in one piece of statute law. Besides. it makes the jurisprudence stronger in some countries. Some of the features protected are age. disablement. gender and race. This will act upon working pattern as all of these features must be taken into history and protected whilst in a scene. Protection of kids act ( 1999 ) creates a system for placing individuals considered to be unsuitable to work with kids. This act protects all kids who will be traveling to a scene. The Protection of kids act insures things such as National Criminal Records Bureau are carried out to see children’s safety. This influences working practise as all people working or sing a scene will hold to hold a condemnable records bureau check to do certain they practitioner is suited to work with kids. Data Protection Act ( 1989 ) is a jurisprudence on the processing of informations and placing people. The act was put in topographic point to protect people’s cardinal rights and provides a manner for persons to command information about themselves. This act influences working pattern as practicians must hive away information about kids right for illustration holding it locked in a cabinet. This act besides insures that the practician can non portion this information with anyone out of the scene. and if the parent wishes to see the information about their kid they have a right to make so.

Gateways free essay sample

There are people everywhere. Some are sitting idly while others are rushing to catch their flight. Even more are in line so that they may finally leave the bustling airport and fly away to their next destination. Overhead the intercom consistently blares out announcements. Young children play beneath peoples feet as their parents try to keep them in check. Outside the bustle of the terminal, anxious friends, parents, and relatives look to greet their loves ones as those around them search for a lost bag. An airport is a gateway. It is a means of returning home from a long voyage or a way to a greater education in school. Most importantly it is a gate to the unknown and to the exploration of the world. Every which way planes take off from the airport traveling to every corner of the earth. I have often been aboard these numerous planes. We will write a custom essay sample on Gateways or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Back and forth I travel across the United States for school, ice hockey, and family vacations. Among the hustle and bustle of people traveling across the world I find those that I love and are the most important in my life waiting for me. Today the airport is a gateway to my numerous homes at school and with my family. In the future it will be something different. From the airport I will embark on adventures, living my dreams to travel and see the world. I will leave behind the lines and luggage as I board a plane headed towards the unknown. The airport is my gateway to the world and I will go through it to explore what I have yet to discover.

Alcohol Essays - Drinking Culture, Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism

Alcohol Essays - Drinking Culture, Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism Alcohol We live in a society that drinks heavily, and this influences teens. Most Americans use alcohol to celebrate wedding anniversaries, to welcome the New Year, and to enjoy many other special events. Alcohol is a legal drug for people over the age of twenty-one. By the time most teens reach senior high school, nearly all will have faced a choice about whether or not to take a drink. Although this drug is illegal for teenage use a large percentage of teens use alcohol. Many teens die in automobile accidents, which could have prevented if they had chosen to say no. Each year it is blame in the deaths of more than four thousand teens (Claypool, p. 42). No crime kills more teenagers in America. Kids who are drinking regularly in high school seem to be fully aware of the penalties and laws against underage drinking, possession but don't care. They agree that driving while intoxicated is a key role in fatal car accidents, yet they still do it. Many teens also believe cold showers and coffee can sober up a person that is drunk Teens may drink for many different reasons. A big reason for teens to start to drink is because of problems in their family life. Teens could have a bad relationship with their parents or their parents could get in a fight or even get a divorce and thid could cause a drinking problem among their child. Many experts agree that the main reason teens are becoming alcoholics is low self-esteem. Sometimes these children have been neglected or abused which makes them feel unwanted or they have been pressured and feel worthless if they fail. They have to deal with problems that he is too immature to handle, or worries about problems, which are problems at all. Many kids drink to make them feel older and mature. It makes you more confident and sociable. Another cause of teenage drinking is escape from stress of school if they are overwhelmed with work or that they get really worried over slipping grades and that they just need to relax. Drinking will only make things worse. Many teens drink because of peer pressure or just to fit in. Kids may think that if they drink then they will fit in with the crowd and become more popular. Kids spend most of their spare time partying. The kid who doesn't take something to drink has a dozen friends all over him. This may be true for the first couple of times that you drink, but it begins to become a habit and soon you are not only drinking at parties but also drinking alone and that is a sign you need help. Teens drink for the effect. To get high, to rebel, to alter their feelings of their environment, if only temporary. One of the main reasons kids drink for effect is the freedom it gives them. A problem of drinking for effect is whatever age the child is when he starts depending on the effect of alcohol, that's the age they are when they have overcome there drinking problem. In other words, when a child is fourteen and starts drinking to become more social and relaxed, when he is eighteen he will still be fourteen socially (Coffey, p.62). Many adults fail to take teenage alcohol problems seriously because they believe that their teens are too young to worry about. To them the word alcoholic makes them think of a malnourished person who lives on the street. Many young people live in families where the use of alcohol is a part of normal life. Many parents who are drinkers themselves look past teenage drinking. They see drinking as a normal activity and part of growing up. Children of alcoholics are a high-risk group for alcoholism (Claypool, p.46). They are more likely to follow in their parent's footsteps. Few parents encourage their child to drink, but few see nothing wrong with occasionally drinking. Some parents are relieved when teens drink rather than smoke pot or do other drugs. Only when adults start regarding alcohol as a toxic drug can an effective alcohol education program for America's youth begin. By the time students are in seventh

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Essay

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson - Essay Example Jekyll’s counter part, Mr. Hyde, a very important character in the story is rather like a synonym for iniquitous personality. A quote from page 40 reads like this, â€Å"Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation, he had a displeasing smile, he had borne himself to the lawyer with a sort of murderous mixture of timidity and boldness, and he spoke with a husky, whispering and somewhat broken voice† (Stevenson, Chapter, 2). One can easily identify the deliberate attempts the author makes to exhibit the villain in Mr. Hyde. Take the following for reference; Mr. Earnfield describes to Utterson how the creature trampled over a child in the street-â€Å"and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the childs body and left her screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasnt like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut† (Chapter, 1). It gives the greatest visual effect of a narration- here, a man is a brute personified! Irony of the expression is that the narrator calls the Mr. Hyde ‘a man’ and ‘a juggernaut’ at the same time. There is another example of how Mr. Stevenson visualizes the wicked image of a true brute. Hyde’s encounter with an old guy referred in page 47 runs like this, â€Å"he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman., †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..the bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway†(Stevenson, chapter, 4). It shows the maximum of severity that an individual can posses. It is definitely indisputable that the character of Mr. Hyde is the reflection of the devilish mindset of human. There can be probably nothing more brutal about anyone than killing a fellow being for insistent

Financial Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Plan - Research Paper Example We exhibit a more consumer friendly corporate persona, which makes us more attractive for an economy conducive to socially responsible business ethics. The economy is becoming increasingly fragile which makes consumers less predictable. Accounting Financial Solutions will help individuals avoid risky economic behavior while ensuring long term spending from the private sector. Moreover, with foreclosures at an all time high, consumers are increasingly searching for peace of mind that their own property will not be foreclosed on in the future, our company helps them identify their personal income mile markers so they know if they how much effort is required of them to maintain their style of living. Executive Summary Accounting Financial Services (AFS) is a fairly new company with its operating principal possessing almost 15 years of industry specific experience. Our organization is operated by the proprietor. The major barriers preventing AFS from realizing its ideal operating capacit y are public visibility and consumer confidence. AFS has an existent customer base that expresses skeptic attitudes towards the existing residential operating space. With Identity theft on the rise, less consumers are willing to consult with individuals outside of brick and motor locations. Our existing clients represent a delicate marketing potential that is not being tapped because of our residential space. Intuits Stimulus Grant will provide the necessary capital to acquire a brick an motor location in order to generate consumer confidence in Accounting Financials Solutions ability to deliver. Our target consumer resides in Camp Spring, Maryland and seasonly seeks tax preparation services. Local small business make up our consumer base for our bookkeeping service. In order to access this community we have developed a marketing strategy to create an online presence and capitalize on target local markets. We also plan to educate consumers about our brand niche, â€Å"a friendly bu siness with commercial expertise!† Pricing The price for Tax preparation at Accounting Financial Solutions ranges between $80 to $170 pending on the size and amount file being processed. For Personal and Business Accounting we charge a percentage of the account, pricing is negotiable but accounts for the projected amount of time consumed. Promotion 1. Leverage referrals from professional contacts and individual clients to make this an integral part of how we conduct business. 2. Enhance our profile within our targeted industries and areas of specialization through being cited as possessing unique expertise in these areas. 3. Generating healthy friendships with clients and maintaining a constant out of work relationship. Service Our business and individual clients judge our competence based on how we treat them. This is their primary – and in many cases their only measurement of our capabilities. We must have each of our clients answer positively to these questions: Do t hey act in a professional manner? Do they know who I am? Do they know my name? Are they genuinely concerned about my best interest? Will they defend their advice and council if needed? Market Research Our market research is conducted by mail out surveys to get a more accurate depiction of our costumers response to our

Advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international franchising

Advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international franchising Introduction Buying a Franchise offers many benefits over starting a business on your own. The franchisees benefit from the training and ongoing support that they receive whilst trying to make their business successful. People starting a business on their own often have no help or guidance in the day to day running of the business! The franchisees receive guidance on location, fixtures and fittings, marketing and operation of the business model. This guidance is based on years of experience the franchiser has gained not only from running the business model but also from advising other franchisees. Buying a franchise business is at least a five year commitment and as such should not be taken lightly. It is important to make the right lifestyle choice rather than basing the decision to buy purely on profitability of the business model. A prospective franchisee should always look at the market trends to ascertain whether the need and requirements of the products of the franchise opportunity are predicted to grow or decline over the medium and long term. Getting advice from an experienced accountant can help in this respect. What makes the franchisers products better than the competition? Is the franchisor continually investing in improving the products to reflect changes in latest trends and requirements of the customers? Analysing which products have been changed and new ones introduced over the last five years will help in this regard. The territory is just as important as the franchise model. Not all franchises work in all territories as each area has their demographics and buying patterns. Decent knowledge of the local area is invaluable and the choice of which type of franchise business to buy should be made with regards to this information. Making the right choice of franchise that is based on individual skills as well as the individual requirements of each particular territory should serve to ensure that the business model works both in the short term and the long term International Franchising International franchising refers to a domestic businesss expansion into foreign countries and markets. International franchising is a complex process that requires thorough considerations of many factors, such as feasibility, adaptability, and benefits versus risks. Replication: During the process of international franchising, companies often strive to replicate successful domestic business models in foreign markets. Challenge: Differences in language, laws and financial systems, between franchising business and host foreign market can pose serious challenges during international expansion. Benefits: International franchising means new markets with new customers and selling potentials. International franchising also places companys name and presence in a global market. Adaptability: learning to adapt to the needs and demands of a new foreign market can attract local customers and buyers and lead to higher business success in a new country. Counsel: International franchising experts help companies understand a foreign market before expansion. Consultants advise businesses on a number of subjects, from financing to culture gaps. Advantages: There is a higher likelihood of success since a proven business formula is in place. The products, services, and business operations have already been established. Bankers usually look at successful franchise chains as having a lower risk of repayment default and are more likely to loan money based on that premise. The corporate image and brand awareness is already recognized. Consumers are generally more comfortable purchasing items they are familiar with and working with companies they know and trust. Franchise companies usually provide extensive training and support to their franchisees in effort to help them succeed. Many times products and services are advertised at a local and national level by the main franchise companies. This practice helps boost sales for all franchisees, but individual franchisees dont absorb the cost. Disadvantages: Franchises can be costly to implement. Also, many franchises charge ongoing royalties cutting into the profits of franchisees. Franchisors usually require franchisees to follow their operations manual to a tee in order to ensure consistency. This limits any creativity on the part of the franchisee. Franchisees must be very good at following directions in order to maintain the image and level of service already established. If the franchisee is not capable of running a quality business or does not have proper funding, this could curtail success. Sometimes franchisors may be lax on their commitment to support the franchisee. Also, they may make poor decisions that would have an ill effect on the franchisee. Therefore, it is important to research any franchise concept thoroughly before signing any agreements. Benefits on International Franchising Purchasing a franchise is one way for an entrepreneur to get started in business. Franchises offer a proven business model to follow as well as support in areas like financing and training. International franchises can provide the opportunity to take advantage of growing global markets, although the franchisee will need to overcome the hurdles associated with adapting to the ways of a new country. Cultural Adaptation Franchises provide the business owner with a full range of support services. This proves beneficial when it comes to adapting to the ways of a foreign country. The company can help you hire local management and workers who are familiar with the methods of doing business in the country, which can make the transition much smoother. Business Expansion If you already own an established franchise and are looking to expand, adding units in another country can provide a more profitable alternative to an already saturated market. This is particularly meaningful if you sell a product or service that is rather common in your home country. Cornering the Market You may even be fortunate enough to open a franchise in a country where there is little competition and there is a great need for your product or service. This will enable you to corner the market and possibly open several locations, establishing you as the leader in your business before the inevitable entrance of competitors occur. Change of Lifestyle Owning a franchise in another country can result in a new and exciting way of life. Franchisees from a cold climate may relish the opportunity to move to a warm, sunny locale to open a business. Some may also look forward to expanding their horizons by experiencing and assimilating into a new culture. Taking Advantage of Growth If current franchisees are experiencing slow business due to the home countrys stagnant economy, they can seek to open another unit in an area experiencing strong growth. Countries and areas exhibiting growth as of 2010 include China, Latin America and the Middle East. Advantages of international franchising Franchising is a unique form of business arrangement. The original company (called the franchisor) enters into a contract with a second business (called the franchisee) in which the original company offers the second business the right to operate under the original businesss name and the right to sell its product. The franchisor usually offers guidance and expertise to the franchisee. All of this is done for a fee, and though having a franchise isnt the same as starting a business from scratch, there are a number of advantages to the system. This is also true for international franchises. Reputation The major benefit of a franchise is that franchises reputation. If a franchise is well known for offering a certain type of product or service and a new branch of that franchise opens up locally, then people know roughly what to expect. For international franchises there are some additional issues of reputation to consider. For instance, the country of origin that the franchise comes from could be viewed as exotic, which will bring in additional business. Financing Franchises are viewed as a business plan thats already undergone a trial by fire and succeeded. Generally speaking, this makes them much easier to finance, as far as getting loans from banks is concerned. If a franchises reputation and success can be clearly shown, then the bank knows the franchisee has a much better chance of succeeding than he would if he were trying to start up a new and independent business. This is even truer for companies that are known internationally, which makes banks feel even more generous when it comes to assisting with business financing. Support Regardless of whether or not the franchisee sets up in the franchises hometown or on the other side of the world, an international franchise has the capability of extending support, advice and training to franchisees. The franchise offers training manuals, access to supply networks, advice and other forms of help to the franchisees. This is especially true where an international franchise is concerned, because every franchisee impacts the franchises reputation and reach. If all of the franchisees do well, then it will increase the franchises reputation, reach and even their brand recognition. Franchising primary benefit is risk minimization. Starting a new business is risky. Most studies show that over 90 percent fail within three years. The primary reason that the failure rate is so high is because the owners have to go through the learning curve of operating that specific type business. Franchising reduces that curve substantially. Another reason to buy a franchise is that a franchise investment can be thoroughly researched before any significant expenditure is made. Existing franchisees offer a wealth of information about the business so that new franchisees can try the business on before they buy to make sure its a good fit for them. Franchisers sell a defined, proven business format or method of operation, offering a product or service that has sold successfully. An independent business is based on both an untried idea and operation. The experience of the franchisers management team increases the potential for success. This experience is often conveyed through formal instruction and on-the-job training. Franchisees can often buy lower-cost goods and supplies through the franchiser, resulting from the group purchasing power of all the franchises. Established franchisers offer national or regional name recognition. While this may not be true with a new franchiser, the benefit of starting with one is the potential to grow as its business and name recognition grow. Franchising provides a uniform system of operation, so that consumers receive uniform quality, efficiently and cost-effectively. A uniform system brings with it the advantages of mass purchasing power, brand identification, and customer loyalty, capitalizing on the proven format. A franchiser also provides management assistance, including accounting procedures, personnel and facility management. An individual with experience in these areas may not be familiar with how to apply them in a new business. The franchiser helps a franchisee overcome this lack of experience. Franchisors help franchisees develop a business plan. Many elements of the plan are standard operating procedures established by the franchisor. The most difficult part of a new business is its start-up, since even experienced managers lack the knowledge to set up a new business. One of the biggest benefits to franchising is marketing. The franchiser can prepare and pay for the development of professional advertising campaigns. Regional or national marketing done by the franchiser benefits all franchisees. In addition, the franchiser can provide advice about how to develop effective marketing programs for a local area through a cooperative marketing fund, to which the franchisees contribute a percentage of their gross income. Its possible to receive assistance in financing a new franchise through the franchiser, who often makes arrangements with a lending institution to lend money to a franchisee. The franchisee must still accept responsibility for the loan, but the franchisers involvement usually increases the likelihood that a loan will be approved. A franchiser also provides training for the franchisee. This is especially important if the concept is complex. The best training combines classroom or one-on-one training at the franchisers facility with field training at the franchisees place of business. Finally, franchising has found a solid economic niche that caters to specialized needs. Many American consumers no longer want a muffler installed by a service station, a hamburger from a diner, a pizza from someone who wont deliver it within 30 minutes or their hair cut by a local barber. Specialists, it seems, do it better, and the franchise industry is only too willing help. Once you become a franchisee and part of a franchise organization, What are your roles and responsibilities? Financial The first function you have in your new endeavour is as an investor into your business. You will need to invest financially with an initial franchising fee, but also be prepared to pay any additional costs that might be necessary to get the business up and running such as equipment costs. Also, there will be ongoing royalty fees that you will need to be aware of. Time Secondly, you will need to be sure that you can invest an adequate amount of time in the business. Although the system is basically set up in franchising, you will still need to initially spend extra time learning how the system works. The franchisor usually offers training and continuous support, hence the ongoing royalty payments. Like anything else, once you know the ins and outs of the system, the time investment decreases somewhat. Leadership and Partnership One of the most important skills you need to possess as a franchisee is the ability to be pro-active and take initiative. You should be able to easily assume a leadership role. You need to be certain that you understand how the entire system works and not be afraid to ask the franchisor questions. It is especially important to communicate with the franchisor anything that you notice that doesnt seem right to you. After all, you are basically assuming a partnership role with the franchisor. Therefore, you should be able to work together, share ideas, and resolve issues together. You may notice something that the franchisor was not aware of since you are much closer to the business. The franchisor would probably appreciate your bringing concerns or discrepancies to the table, especially if you offer possible solutions. Communication With all of the responsibilities that the franchisee holds, communication and organizational skills are key skills to possess as a franchisee. As mentioned, it is important to keep in close communication with your franchisor. In addition, you will need to be able to communicate effectively with your customers, employees, vendors, and other business contacts. Furthermore, it can be quite beneficial to team up with other franchisees on a regular basis. It can help you run your business more smoothly if you share ideas and solutions to problems experienced with others in the same capacity. Organization In your role as franchisee, you should be prepared to wear many hats. In operating the business, you will most likely have to manage all the daily operations involved in operating a business, including ordering supplies, meeting with customers and vendors, preparing payroll, resolving discrepancies, etc. These are just a few of your sub-roles depending on the type of business you are running. It is essential to be able to organize all of your responsibilities so that everything gets done accurately and in a timely manner. In conclusion, as long as you understand your role as a franchisee and make every effort to carry it out thoroughly, you should be able to manage a successful franchise.

Flare Case

Subject: Flare Fragrance Recommendation Background: Flare was founded in 1955 as a small manufacturer of women’s fragrances. Over a period of time, Flare has dominated the fragrance market, generating 9. 5% of the total women’s fragrance market and had grown in to a No. 4 player in the U. S women’s fragrances market. Flare has released 6 brands in the market namely Loveliest, Awash, Summit, Essential, Swept Away and Natural. Economic crisis has impacted Flare’s market share. Sales in 2007 were 12% and by 2008, the estimate was only 2% growth.Flare’s goal for 2009 was to generate $7. 5 million in incremental revenue and reverse declining sales trend. Recommendation: Flare should promote Natural with loveliest umbrella in 18-34 years age range and expand its efforts in the drug store channel. Rationale: 1. Natural fits Flare’s portfolio, both financially and strategically. Promoting Natural with loveliest umbrella will benefit Flare to meet its target sales numbers for 2009. Loveliest brand was introduced in 1975 and it still holds a strong equity in the market.It is positioned as a classic scent in the older age group. These customers will serve as evangelist and contribute to the promotion of Natural brand. As a result of the focus group sessions (ex 5), Projected sales for 2008 for Natural is $9. 1MM(ex 1). Based on forecasted numbers in table1, expected sales for 2009 could be $10. 15MM. Keeping the same communication budget from 2008 of 2. 7 MM to Natural in 2009 (exhibit 4), the expected revenue from Natural would be around 7. 45MM (table 2). 2.Natural is a recent launch under the loveliest umbrella and it is reaching slightly younger demographic, who are looking for the environmentally safer products or so called â€Å"green product† (page# 2). Natural is currently positioned as a chic brand in the younger age group (ex 3). 18-34 year age group women are highly brand aware with sensitivity to premium and pre stige brands and word of mouth is influential for this age group(ex 5). Promoting Natural in the slightly younger age group will benefit Flare’s overall sales. 3.Arlmont’s review of current recession era (page#3), shows that mid-tier and premium brands will be increasingly available in the mass channels. Market development strategy can be used to expand Natural in the drug store. As a result of the focus group sessions (ex 5), 20% of customers shop at the drug store. Flare’s sales at the drug store do not mirror overall market and there is a potential for expansion in that space. Drug store chains have evolved over time and some of them also have high end features like on-site aestheticians to assist shoppers in selecting a particular brand.With the current economic conditions, customer with 18-34 yrs age group would get directed to the drug stores in search of cheaper prices. Placing free samples of Natural in the drug stores and Natural testers in the point of purchase will generate trial. Based on the information from table 3, after increasing the % allocation in drug store for Natural from 0. 5% to 2. 5% in (ex 1), the flare factory sales for 2009 will increase from 9. 1MM to 11. 3 MM. Additional 1. 15 MM can be spent on promotional budget for point of sale samples, expected revenue from natural can be 7. 45MM. Risk: 1.Drugstores would typically sell only Flare’s highest turnover items, which might damage Flare’s relationship with other retail accounts. 2. It can be difficult to position Natural in the 18-34 age group with the loveliest umbrella as women in this age group can perceive loveliest as a classic brand. Table 1 | Natural brand Sales forecast| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 7|   Not available| 9. 1| 10. 15| 2009 sales figures are forecasted based on the % sales increase from 2006 to 2009. Table 2| | Natural brand| 2009 – expected factory sales(MM)| 10. 15| 2009 – communication budget(MM)| 2. 7| Incremen tal revenue| 7. 45| Table3

Concept of Dynamics in Music

Imagine you are listening to Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros close their concert with 0m Nashi Me, and the whole band stops right in the middle of the song. Or you are watching The Avett Brothers open up their concert with Paranoia In B Flat Major, and by the end of the song, they are playing nearly twice the volume they started out at, and the crowd grew right alongside them. Music has the ability to produce feelings and energy that few things are capable of reproducing.There are any different elements that bring life to these feelings, but dynamics are something that possess the power to change the mood of a song, and the person listening to It. Simply put, dynamics are â€Å"variation and gradation in the volume of musical sound. † (Merriam-Webster) They are what make it possible for a song to be barely audible at the beginning, and crescendo into a powerful and moving composition. They can also change suddenly and drastically, for example a, sforzando.Sudden changes I n dynamics can be notated by adding the word subito (Italian for suddenly) s a prefix or suffix to the new dynamic notation. Accented notes , which are notes to emphasize or play louder compared to surrounding notes, can be called sforzando, sforzato, forzando or forzato (abbreviated sfz or fz). There are two Italian words that are used to show gradual changes in volume, which are the opposite of accented notes. Crescendo, abbreviated cresc. , translates as â€Å"gradually becoming louder†, and diminuendo, abbreviated dim.. means â€Å"gradually becoming softer†.The alternate decrescendo, abbreviated to decresc. also means â€Å"gradually becoming softer†. In addition to all of the volume Indications have mentioned, the execution of a given piece, for example the stylistic choices of staccato or legato are part of dynamics also. (Dynamics, music) When written in musical notation, for example in a band or orchestra piece, they are what allow for the whole band to be given very specific instructions on what the composer intended for an individual part to sound like† making dynamics Just another word in the beautiful language that music is.Although dynamics seem to be what makes music possible, music actually existed before the Introduction of different dynamic levels. The harpsichord†which Is â€Å"a keyboard instrument, precursor of the piano, in which the strings are plucked by leather or quill points connected with the keys†, (Merriam-Webster) could play only â€Å"terraced† dynamics, which are either loud or soft, but not In between. (Dynamics, music)To get around this dilemma, composters would use the trick of layering chords together to create a contrast In sounds, without a single note having to be louder or ofter.The Renaissance composer Giovanni Gabrieli was one of the first composers to Indicate dynamics In music notation, and since him, It Is hard to find a song that doesnt have variations in volume writt en in. (Dynamics, music) But, music is often left open to some interpretation by the performers or director, and dynamics are no exception to this rule. Dynamic indications are relative, not absolute. Mp does not indicate an exact level of volume; it just indicates that the part marked as such t Of3 snou10 De a llttle louder tnan p ana a llttle quleter tnan mT.Ine ty to aec10e wnat would be appropriate or best contribute to the sound as a whole group is part of what makes music great. Counting Crows has a very wise song called Big Yellow Taxi that describes perfectly the idea of appreciating things more after the absence of them. The song says, â€Å"Don't it always seem to go, that you don't know what you've got til its gone. † (Big Yellow Taxi) I think this song applies to music Just as it applies to the seasons during the year.When you're listening to a song that is very quiet, and radually or suddenly grows loud, that makes a much larger impact on the emotion of the song than if it had Just started at the louder volume. Or, if you are listening to a song that has unexpected loud notes, that instantly makes it more interesting to listen to. This applies to the seasons, especially in Minnesota, that you think you appreciate summer weather, but after a long winter, you realize how much you had missed it and welcome it much more. Contrast and diversity are what make things beautiful in all things.Whether its music, weather, people, religion, or any other xample. There is much to be learned from diversity of appearance, beliefs, experience, sound, or qualities. Early on, composers realized the power of dynamics and many uses of them in compositions have become iconic in a sense. An example is when John Cage took a chance and composed a song in 1952 that instructed the musician to go to their instrument and be silent for 4 minutes and 33 seconds. (4†² 33†²)The idea was that in the absence of what the audience was expecting, they would hear all t he environmental noise around them, and appreciate everyday sounds as music.Another example of an iconic use of dynamics is in Beethoven's 5th symphony, which was written between 1804 and 1808. (Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)). The song starts out really intense with the 4 note fgure that everybody seems to know– regardless of their music taste. It remains intense for about a minute only to back off, then build, alternating between loud and soft and finally end with an impressive crescendo. This constant variation makes it very interesting and emotional. Another iconic example is when Count Basie and his Orchestra performed All of Me in 1965.It starts with a mooth piano and percussion line, then about a minute into the piece, almost startlingly sudden, the horns Join and instantly add life and excitement to the song. (Basie, Count) These musical geniuses, though they composed during very different stages of the development of music, all appreciated the effect dynamics could have on music. Music as definitely evolved over the years, as has the use of dynamics. There is a wide variety of musicians and bands that make dynamics a key element to their music.

Diagnosis, And Management Of Hypertension Crisis - 1877 Words

Abstract: Hypertensive crisis is when blood pressure increases very rapidly. Blood pressure rises to 180mmHg/120mmHg or greater. A drastic increase in blood pressure can damage the blood vessels. Some vessels may become inflamed and others may leak fluid or blood. Due to damage of blood vessels, the heart may not pump blood effectively. Hypertension crisis can present as hypertension urgency or as hypertension emergency. This article will review the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Hypertension crisis. Introduction: Hypertension is a common disorder in modern Western societies, with an age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of approximately 28% in North America. Physicians in clinical practice will encounter patients with hypertensive urgency and emergency. The improved management of chronic hypertension has decreased the lifetime incidence of hypertensive crisis to less than 1%. Although there has been improved management of chronic hypertension, patients presenting with severe hypertension represent up to 25% of all patients presenting to urban emergency departments. Definition: A blood pressure reading of 180mmHg/120mmHg or higher is considered a hypertensive crisis. Hypertensive crisis is divided in to two categories. The two categories are hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency. In hypertension emergency, the blood pressure is extremely high and there is damage to the organs. Organs that are damaged are the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes.Show MoreRelatedDo Calcium Channel Blockers Play A Role For Preventing Hypertensive Encephalopathy?1618 Words   |  7 Pagesencephalopathy. B- Background and significance Hypertension is a very common problem, affecting 1 billion people worldwide, with 50 million cases in the United States, and one third of cases going undiagnosed. 1% of the cases will experience a hypertensive emergency in their life. 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