Marketing Introduction and Limatations Essay

Introduction In my assignment I will be writing about Two large business agency, Marks and Spencer’s, and British Heart foundation where I will explain about the different marketing techniques and strategies they use to undertake to promote their products and services. How they Brand their company and about relationship marketing. Marks& Spencer’s Marks and Spencer are a big franchise employing up to 78,000 employees worldwide but mostly in the UK. Marks and Spencer’s are one of UK’s leading retailers with annual sales of  £8 billion. They operate more than 450 stores in 30 countries, and serve tens of millions of customers every week. Marks and Spencer’s are only as strong as the communities in which they trade. They aim to please their customers and market in an easy and understandable manner. Marks and Spencer’s promote over thousands of products, from food to clothing, each product marketed in a different fashion. Marks and Spencer’s have used many strategies to survive the recession. Them being Growth, Branding, Survival and Relationship marketing. Survival Strategies They started by cutting jobs and closing stores. In January 2009 Marks & Spencer’s were planning to close 25 small simply food stores one being Croydon Valley retail store. They cut 780 jobs and 450 head office jobs. Sales plummeted in the 13 weeks leading up to December 27 2008, they fell by 7.1 %.Total sales fell 3.4 % in the UK. Other strategies they used to regain money were Pension cuts, Even though Marks and Spencer’s overall sales fell by 1.2% there was an international sales increase and online retail increase. The retailer made pension cuts to save the company  £175m –  £200million per annum. Chairman of Marks and Spencer’s Vandavelde (2009) gave a key speech on the recovery plan. â€Å"The previous plan was like feeding a tree that was already overgrown and unhealthy. What it really needed was serious pruning back. It had unproductive limbs that were hampering its growth and a lot of its best characteristics were lost in the foliage.† This is regarding the cuts that were being made. A strategy used by M&S is SWOT. SWOT is a method for analysing a business, its resources, and its environment. Marks and Spencer’s used the SWOT method for their food products. SWOT helped them discover: What the business does better than the competition. What competitors do better than the business? Whether the business is making the most of the opportunities available. How a business should respond to changes in its external environment. By using this method and braking down each sector they were able to research if there products would sell, and their competitors such as big organisations like Tesco would affect their up sales. Another strategy which Marks and Spencer’s use is known all the Boston Matrix. The main value for them using this is because it’s a useful tool for analysing product portfolio decisions. Constraints on survival strategies are the financial situation, resources and material. Cash flow is a common constraint to the sales systems. The financial constraint is usually internal. A resource constraint is also an internal limitation. Machinery, power and skills are some resources with constraints. Moving too slowly to get products to where they need to be is a internal constraint. Material is also a constrain due to where we are buying it from, are we paying for quality and receiving a product of quality or are we not spending enough to make sure our products are efficiently made? This is a external constraint. Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing has continued to evolve and move forward as technology opens more communication channels. This includes tools for managing relationships with customers which goes beyond simple customer services. They identify six markets which are connected to relationship marketing. They are: internal markets, supplier markets, recruitment markets, referral markets, influence markets, and customer markets. Relationship marketing is designed to develop strong connections with customers by providing them with information directly suited to their needs and interests and by promoting open communication. This approach is there for results in increased word of mouth activity. Marks and Spencer have created customer loyalty by launching different campaigns promoting different products which connect with each customer. They’ve launched fashion campaigns, food campaigns and an online clothes shop. Marks and Spencer’s have now become partners with Tesco for Fair Trade campaigns; they now have a range of electrical appliances on sale to comply with what their customers want. Marks and Spencer’s customers want to be able to rely on them to succeed and meet their needs as individual customers rather than a group. While Marks and Spencer’s have created a relationship with their buyers and are constantly researching too find out what their customers want more or less of, there are also constraints and limitations with doing so. A market constraint is external. Marks and Spencer’s competitors are always changing strategies and competing in new and better ways to try and come out on top. A question which is asked within big businesses such as M&S is, is the market demand for our products decreasing? This is an external constraint, if there’s no longer a demand for the product then their profit margin decreases. A decrease in sales = decreased profit. Benchmarking is a strategy that is used by M&S for marketing this involves looking outside the box to examine how other organisations are achieving their performance levels and to understand the processes they are using to be successful. In this way benchmarking helps explain the processes behind excellent performances. Although this strategy helps M&S stay ahead it can also bring them down as changing your outlook and ideas can be a constraint, Managing change is a common constraint. Markets are dynamic and always changing. Organisations work to stay ahead of markets and their leading competitiors. Knowledge could be an internal constraint to success, this could become critical if survival is at stake. Growth Strategies Marks and Spencer uses the Mckinsey Growth Matrix, to expand and grow their business. Instead of trying to find out how other business have grown, the Matrix strategy argues to grow on your own strengths. They have developed there growth strategies based on : Operational skills, Privileged assets, Growth skills and Special relationships. By growing based on these strategies M&S have been able to keep their customer loyalty but also have been able to increase their products and launch new promotions to engage new customers, by using different approaches they have a better change to widen their customer satisfaction. Some of these products can be sold to existing customers who may trust the business (and its brands) to deliver but new customers may need more persuasion. Even though M&S base their growth on their on development they do analyze their competitors. They use recorded dare, opportunistic date and observable date. * Recorded data: examples include competitor annual reports and product brochures. * Observable data: good example is competitor pricing. * Opportunistic data: to get hold of this kind of data requires a lot of planning and organisation. Marks and Spencer’s have grown as a company by producing a wide range of products, by up selling and engaging in customer loyalty. Strategies that have been used are the foundation of growing. They have focused their marketing and sales on a specific target market this has improved effectiveness and speed the learning process. Unfortunately a common constraint could be an unresponsive market. Marks and Spencer’s campaigns have reeled in more customers but buyer Motivation is a must in all businesses, companies can often fail to provide incentives to motivate their buyers to purchase. A constraint which can be avoided is the follow up after sale. Once a product has been bought research should be conducted to find feedback on that product and if theirs a chance of growth from that product. Branding The brand of a product is very important when making your decision weather to buy something. People buy branded names due to loyalty. Either they no the quality is good or the product is always going to taste good. For example; going to Tesco and having the choice to buy, 23p Tesco value beans or 63p Heinz beans. Just because it’s not a named brand doesn’t mean the quality isn’t as good, there’s just no risk. Trust is the most critical component in building and maintaining a strong, emotionally driven brand. Strategies used to introduce their brand to the public is media. By promoting their brands its then known by existing and new customers. Many businesses such as M*&S use celebrities in their campaigns this is to engage the buyers and also make them aware that a celebrity likes the brand. Limitations Legal constraints: Marks and Spencer may be constrained by a variety of licensure and other regulatory requirements, based on the industry and activities the business wants to pursue. For example M&S sell alcohol so they will need to have a alcohol license before they are permitted to sell any alcohol. Sales of goods act 1979, This act requires trader to sell goods that are described and are satisfactory. Marks and Spencer’s sell products to members there for the information stated should be accurate and not misleading. For example : selling food which states that there’s only 130 calories in it but really there 600. This is illegal. Voluntary Constraint This is where a company voluntary state that they won’t do something, or they always will. For example: Marks and Spencer’s have joined forces with Tesco to sell Fair trade products, and they are also recycling old clothes to Oxfam. These things do not have to be done but yet they do they do them anyway to give them a better reputation with the public. Pressure Pressure groups can be extremely effective in changing organisational behaviour.

Not a Laughing Matter: Effects of Tawa-tawa

Nigeria. Results ot the study snowed that botn the decoction and extract of E. hirta, at doses of 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg have a significant effect on the platelet counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. The RBC and WBC counts were not significantly affected, demonstrating that E. hirta does not affect the circulating RBC or the erythropoietic centers of the experimental animals, and it does not induce production or destruction of the WBC. The mean increases in platelet count in the decoction and ethanolic extract groups did not significantly differ, suggesting that oth preparations can be used for further studies.The difference in the mean platelet counts of subgroups who received the 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg doses was not significant as shown in Dunnet's test. This finding indicated that the platelet- increasing activity of E. hirta was not dose-dependent. The platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was further evaluated by determining the effect of the plant material on stimulati ng platelet production in the bone marrow. In this evaluation, the dose and preparation (483. g/kg of the ethanolic extract) that produced the greatest numerical increase in platelet count during the initial evaluation was used. Anagrelide, a drug which inhibits the maturation of megakaryocytes into platelets, was administered to decrease the platelet counts of the test animals.After exposure to anagrelide, 483. 0 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was administered to 50% of the test population. Results of this further evaluation showed that the mean platelet count did not differ significantly in the group which received both anagrelide (125 pg/day) nd ethanolic extract of E. irta (483. 0 mg/kg) and in the group who were only exposed to anagrelide (control). This suggested that the platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was not due to stimulation of the platelet production in the bone marrow. 0 In another study conducted by the students of St. Marys School in Davao, E. hirta was also foun d to increase the platelet counts of white mice (Mus musculus). E. hirta was prepared in a teabag form. The results of this study were not published, and therefore, no further information was obtained.In Nigeria, the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of E. hirta on platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were also investigated. The extracts of E. hirta were administered orally to albino Wistar rats. Platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were determined before, and at different time intervals after administration of the extracts. At 60 minutes, the aqueous extract reduced bleeding time by 54% compared to 49. 5% for methanolic extract, and the difference was significant.

Explain the Concepts of Equality, Diversity and Rights in Relation to Health and Social Care

BTEC Extended Diploma Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, diversity and rights in health and social care. P1, P2, P3, M1- Concepts and discriminatory and anti-discriminatory practices. 6th November 2012 By Grace Kirby. Contents Page: Page 3 – 5 Part 1(P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. Page 5 – 8 Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. Page 9 – Part 3(P3): Describes the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care.Page Part 4(M1): Assess the effects on those using the service of three different discriminatory practices in health and social care settings. Part1 (P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. In this report will evaluate how Equality, diversity and rights incorporate into the health and/or social care sector and how it is benefited by all m embers of staff, service users or patients in each health and/or social care settings.Equality is being equal to everyone else, especially in rights, status or opportunities. There are laws in place to ensure that every individual is treated equally this includes organisations having equality policies to reinforce the concept. Diversity is accepting and respecting differences between yourself and also other individuals around you. This means that everyone is recognised as being different which is valued and respected. Rights are legal entitlements.For example, an individual has a right to live in society without being abused or intimidated because of their race, beliefs, gender, sexuality or disabilities. ‘Working in the health and social care sector, equality, diversity and rights are at the core of everything you will be doing. These terms embrace all individuals using the health and care sectors and every person working within them. It is essential that people working withi n health and social care recognise the need to treat every individual equally o matter what their gender, race, beliefs, sexuality, age, disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, language, background or skin colour. ’ In Britain it has truly broaden its multicultural society with a huge variety of different types of cultures and backgrounds who live and work all over the country. ‘In total, 6. 5 per cent of the British population consists of ethnic minorities. The British population is made up of the following ethnic groups: * White – 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian, etc) * Black Caribbean – 490,000 Black African – 376,000 * Black Other – 308,000 * Indian – 930,000 * Pakistani – 663,000 * Chinese – 137,000 * Bangladeshi – 268,000 * Other Asian – 209,000 (includes Vietnamese, Malaysian, Thai) * Other – 424,000 (people who did not think they fitted the above categories)’ W ith Britain being so diverse it has a lot of benefits to being so multicultural such as; the arts, diet, education, language, tolerance, social cohesion and cultural enrichment. ‘The arts provide a valuable way of bringing diversity to a wide audience.For example, films made in other countries can demonstrate culture from around the world in a form that is easy to interpret and may intrigue as well as educated people about other cultures. Museums and exhibitions also give an understanding of cultures from around the world, past and present. Plays and other theatrical performances can bring an experience of contemporary world culture. All these things can help us understand and appreciate ‘difference’. With knowledge from the arts a person working in health and social care can develop a deeper understanding of diversity. ‘Another good reason to enjoy a multicultural society is its food. In a recent survey in Britain the Chinese dish Chow Mein was voted the fa vourite food, with Indian food being the other main choice. In fact these two foods accounted for 70 per cent of food choices according to the market leader in consumer survey analysis Mintel. This information is very important for the health and social care profession, as individual tastes have to be taken into account when planning a person’s diet. More and more people are enjoying a diet with herbs and spices.This is partly due to our multicultural society and also because more people are travelling to other countries and tasting different types of food and drink. A person’s diet also needs to be tailored to their health requirements. For example, diabetics and some older people may need to exclude certain foods; likewise, a person’s religious belief may mean that halal meat is a requirement. Asking people about their food likes and dislikes, and what they can and cannot eat, is all part of considering and respecting their diversity. Education has been one of the most developed over recent years with diverse cultures being explored and valued within the curriculum. ‘Schools and colleges now include studies in a wide range of cultures and languages. The education system has also benefited from people from different backgrounds reaching management positions and making positive changes in relation to diversity. The inclusion of equality, diversity and rights training in the health and social care profession has increased and has become an important part of the professional training programme.All organisations are required by law to train their staff in equality, diversity and rights, usually under the equal opportunities framework. Education is an important tool in helping to get rid of ignorance about diversity. ’ In today’s society many people know more than one language, this can either the mother tongue or a language that is learnt through the education system or self taught. This can be beneficial for health profes sional, it gives chances to work abroad as well as learn something new. With the development of online services, there is a wealth of information in most spoken languages. Information is also available in sign language, and the visually impaired can use specialised software, which speaks to the viewer. People who can speak languages other than English are highly sought after in health and social care because many of those using the services may not speak English. Interpretation is seen as a new career in the health service, so speaking another language is clearly beneficial for health and social care professionals. ‘Tolerance is a very important quality to have when working in health and social care. You may come across people you do not get on with or who have different views from, you this is life and has to be accepted; after all, we are all individuals. You have to be mature and professional and professional when working with colleagues and helping people, even though you may sometimes not feel you want to be. Difference has to be accepted – even more in health and social care than in other occupations. Social cohesion is where a community sticks together behind many reasons such as ethnicity. Feeling belonged somewhere is very important to human behaviour as it provides a safe and understanding environment where a group sticks together. In health and social care team members need to form this type of bond. Working in a diverse team requires each member to value and respect all others in the team. Without this bond a team works ineffectively and will eventually fall apart, causing major problems for the people using the service.Cultural enrichment is ‘all the social and cultural benefits described above will bring about cultural enrichment through diversity, which will improve life for everyone, both those who work in health and social care and those who use the services provided. ’ Active Promotion of equality and individual righ ts Health and social care professionals need to actively promote equality and the rights of individuals, whether they are working in or using these services. The word ‘Active’ emphasises the need to ensure that action is taken on these issues.There are many laws, policies and procedures in effect to promote equality and individual rights such as the care value base (CVB). There are seven principles which promote rights for every individual who uses a service within the health and social care sectors. The care value base principles are all equally important and should in theory form the basis of all your relationships with clients and colleagues. The seven principles are: 1. The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice 2. The promotion and support of dignity, independence and safety 3.Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and an individual’s identity 4. The maintenance of confidentiality 5. Protection from abuse and harm 6. The promotion of effect ive communication and relationships 7. The provision of personalised individual care. In health and social care there are various ways to actively promote equality and individual’s rights such as the following: * Promoting the rights, choices and well-being of individuals * Anti discriminatory practice – empowering individuals * Dealing with tensions and contradictions Staff development and training * Practical implications of confidentiality, e. g. recording, reporting, storing and sharing of information Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. In health and social care discrimination occurs more often than expected this can vary from your colleagues discriminating against you or the service users also the service users discriminating against you. Discrimination can happen in many forms, people are discriminated against for many things as well.People are mostly discriminated against for the following: * Culture * Disability * Age * Soc ial class * Gender * Sexuality * Health status * Family * Status * Cognitive ability Culture ‘A person’s culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. It is developed within the social group they are raised in, and can change when they are mature enough to decide for themselves what culture best suits them. In the health and social care profession, respecting a person’s culture is important for all concerned.It is important for the individual because it creates a sense of support and understanding, promotes their well-being and can help their health. It is also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base and this underlines the importance of respecting an individual’s culture. ’ Disabilities ‘In health and social care, you will work with and support people with various disabilities. The disability Discrimination Act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate aga inst someone who has a disability.The act covers employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations, education, buying and renting a property and transport services. There has to be full accessibility for anyone with a disability. The organisation you work for will be required by law to have a policy in place regarding disability. ’ Age ‘Age discrimination happens ‘when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age’.There have been some controversies regarding the dispensing of certain very expensive drugs to older people because of their shorter life expectancy, due to their age. Some people have argued that the money would be better spent on drugs for younger people. However denying a person a drug due to their age may open the health service to considerable legal risk, and legal advice needs to be sought first before decisions like this are made’. S ocial class ‘Our social class is apparent from the place where we live. The higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained.This inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. In the forward to a department of Health publication, Alan Milburn MP, former Secretary of State for Health, stated that the poor are far more likely to get cancer than the rich, and their chances of survival are lower too; the letter carries to say that health care is a postcode lottery. However: ‘At the heart of human rights is the belief that everybody should be treated equally and with dignity – no matter what their circumstances’ – Source: Equality and Human Rights Commissions (www. equalityhumanrights. om)’. Gender A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007, all organisations, including health and social care services, cannot discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender. Equa l rights of access, health care and rights must be followed. Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referred to a person is attracted to another person of the same sex (gay or lesbian), the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Discrimination against someone because of their sexuality is against the law.If someone feels discriminated against because of their sexuality or feels they are being discriminated against they can seek legal help. Health status ‘sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a person’s medical treatment, taking into account the cost of the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment and their overall life expectancy, people making these decisions should always keep questioning their own assumptions and prejudices, and do their best to balance the welfare of individual patients with broader funding considerations. Family status Since sexuality has broaden ed in society with the sexuality act, people are discriminated against gay and/or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings. Cognitive ability ‘Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury a learning disability or difficulty, or a person’s social class or education. It can be easy to discriminate against people with cognitive disabilities but care must be taken not to do so.Valuing People Now is a government strategy which aims to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities, and those of their families and carers. Part 3(P3): describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care. In all aspects including health and social care discriminatory practice has very negative effects on the people being cared for. This section will explore the effects in more de tail. Marginalisations (treat a person or group as insignificant)Marginalisation is when people feel as if they are not a part of the main group or society as if they don’t belong anywhere. This is a potential effect of discrimination because a person is made to stand out and made to be different from everyone else and they can therefore feel like they are all alone and marginalized from the rest of society or in the case of a health and social care sector, other service users. When a person is marginalized they are made to feel like they are different and not in a good way.For example a lower class citizen being admitted to a private care trust because there is no room elsewhere and being surrounded by all upper class service users. They may then be treated differently because of that i. e. discriminated against and they may begin to feel pushed out alone because of whom they are and where they are. This is a clear example of Marginalisation. Disempowerments (make a person o r group less powerful or confident) ‘Individuals or groups that are discriminated against by other individuals or more powerful groups will feel disempowered.They may be willing to fight against this and in some cases will win their case. However, many do not and they lose the will to fight against discrimination. As a result of this, they may become depressed and devalued and disempowered, which in turn may lead to more health issues. ’ This could happen in a health and social care setting for example Low self – esteem and self – identity Discrimination can lead to people losing their self- worth or self esteem. Some people already have low self esteem before they begin to use the health and social care services.A person with low self esteem will experience negative self-identity, which brings a feeling of worthlessness and depression. The health and social care professional needs to ensure that an individual’s self esteem is maintained at a high l evel or can be raised when its low, to health the person copes with the situation there in. Restricted opportunities ‘All types of discrimination may lead to a person not using health and social care provision and this can lead to poorer health. The discrimination may be by individuals, health organisations or even the government. ’ Negative behaviours such as aggression or criminality Negative behaviour, aggression or crime can be partly caused by discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination can affect an individual’s behaviour. People may experience hardship and then take their frustrations out on police, teachers and health and social care professionals. People may take out their anger on those they see in a position of power and health professionals can find themselves being verbally or physically attacked. People may have anger management problems and they may take this out on the health and social care professional.Drug users may also display negative behaviour while in care. ’ Definitions Equality: the state of being equal especially in status, rights and opportunities. Equity: the quality of being fair and impartial Diversity: the state of being diverse; variety Rights: that which is morally correct just or honourable Opportunity: a set of circumstances that make it possible to do something Difference: a point or way in which people or things are not the same Overt discrimination: when you do not hide the fact you are discriminating, it is not hidden Covert discrimination: hidden or subtle discrimination.It is opposed to overt discrimination Stereotyping: view or represent as a stereotype Labelling: assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively Prejudice: preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience Disadvantages: unfavourable circumstances Belief: an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists Values: the regar d that something is held to deserve; the importance or preciousness of something Vulnerability: the state of being vulnerable or exposed Abused: the improper use of somethingEmpowerment: authorization: the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant Independence: freedom from the control, influence, support, aid or the like of others Interdependence: mutuality: a repriciocal relation between interdependent entities. Racism: prejudice or discrimination directed against some of a different race based on such a relief. Sexism: prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, typically against women on the basis of sex. Homophobia: an extreme and irrational aversion to homosexuality and homosexual people. ——————————————– 1 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 48 [ 2 ]. British Council, 2009 [ 3 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTE C National P. 50 [ 4 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 5 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 6 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 7 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 8 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 2 [ 9 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 [ 10 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 P. 66 [ 11 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 66 [ 12 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 67 [ 13 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 14 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 15 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69

Biography of Genghis Khan Essays - Genghis Khan, Western Xia

Biography of Genghis Khan The old world had many great leaders. Alexander the Great, Hannibal and even Julius Caesar met with struggle on their rise to power. Perhaps Genghis Khan was the most significant of all these rulers. To prove that Genghis Khan was the greatest ruler, we must go back to the very beginning of his existence. We must examine such issues as; Genghiss struggle for power/how his life as a child would affect his rule, his personal and military achievements and his conquests. Genghis Khan was originally born as Temujin in 1167. He showed early promise as a leader and a fighter. By 1206, an assembly of Mongolian chieftains proclaimed him Genghis Khan. Which meant Universal or invincible prince. This was a bold move for the assembly. They obviously saw some leadership qualities in Genghis that others didnt. When Genghis Khan was little, his chieftain father poisoned. With no leader left, the tribe abandoned Genghis and his mother. They were left alone for many years to care for themselves. Throughout these years, his family met many hardships such as shortage of food and shortage of money. Though unable to read, Genghis was a very wise man. His mother told him at a very early age the importance of trust and independence. "Remember, you have no companions but your shadow" Grolier Encyclopedia. (1995) CD ROM This quote was to mean to Genghis, dont put to much trust in anyone, trust no one but yourself and if you must go your own way then do so. In 1206, Genghis Khan proclaimed the ruler of Mongolia. Genghis was a very respected leader. Like other leaders he knew what his people wanted. They want everything that is good and nothing that is bad. Genghis knew he could not promise this so instead he pledged to share both the sweet and the bitter of life. Genghis did not want to end up being poisoned like his father so instead he made alliances, and attacked anyone who posed a serious threat. Through this method of leadership, Genghiss army grew to the point where they were unbeatable. Genghis contributed alot of items to the chinese and even western civilizations. Perhaps his greatest contribution was a code of laws that he declared. Since Genghis couldnt read or write, these law were documented by one of his followers. His laws were carried on by people though the many generations to the point of still being in use today. Either as a modification of Genghiss laws or as Genghis had declared them. Genghis Khan promoted the growth of trade between China and Europe. This allowed him to gain essential supplies such as food, weapons and other essential survival materials. Genghis also invented a system similar to the pony express. It was a system in which the horse and rider could silently communicate, a system that is still in use today. Perhaps the greatest gift ever given by Genghis Khan was the gift of language. Genghis was the first ruler to develop a Mongolian language. Genghis Khan was also a military and strategic genius. He structured his army in a unique and interesting fashion. He integrated soldiers from different tribes into one powerful fighting force. This was a brilliant idea. Not only could he have diversity and people who specialize in certain aspects of warfare, but it also inspired loyalty to the mongolian army as a whole rather than to a specific group of people. Genghis used harsh training and strict discipline to create a superior fighting force, he also insured that everyone of his soldiers was well equipped and could easily adopted new warfare tactics. His soldiers were always learning. Whether it be a new tactic Genghis had invented or a new weapon He decided the army would use, his soldiers were coneztly learning. Genghis inspired loyalty by a unique way of promotion. Genghis felt that the best way to gain a loyal following was to promote people on the basis of achievement and not within the family. This did not only inspire a great deal of loyalty but it also made his army better and actually raised the morale of his soldiers. Every soldier gave their life to

Midterm Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm Questions - Essay Example Anaximander, another Miletian philosopher and is said to be the first writer of philosophy, was said to be the first to draw a map and have speculated that the earth is not flat but spherical floating in air. The first scientific idea on the evolution of man is said to have be Anaximander’s first ideas out of his curiosity. 2. Part 1. For Anaximander the earth is cylindrical in shape; curved and round like a drum with flat surfaces and stays in equilibrium at the center of the cosmos. The heavenly bodies are according to him ‘breathing holes’ in the air. By this Anaximander is trying to explain the existence of the earth the sun and other elements in the sky. It is included in the history of philosophy because philosophy seeks to define what is real the same way Anaximander tries to relate the earth and the cosmos in a cyclical manner of things—why the sun, the moon and the stars are present in a cyclical pattern (Stamatellos,2006). Part 2. For Anaximander the earth never moves because in his cosmos the earth floats in the center and remains there by the forces surrounding it. Three of his astronomical speculations are: (1) that the celestial bodies make full circles and pass also beneath the earth, (2) that the earth floats free and unsupported in space, and (3) that the celestial bodies lie behind one another. Thus in his cosmos the earth is unmoved and everything else revolves around it (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012). 3. Anaximenes’ grand theory talks about the air as major predecessors of things. He pointed out that the moisture from the earth has formed other heavenly bodies. Although Anaximenes’ belief is that the planets, sun and stars including the earth are flat disks, his assumption that these are above an â€Å"all-encompassing air† is one that is closely associated to modern thought of his time (Lawson, 2004). Anaximenes has his own way of explaining the difference between the planet and t he stars; that the planets are moving in connection with air while the stars are fixed on its positions. These ways of thinking are one of the closest founding theories of his time. Anaximenes also imparted the significance of hot and cold on the formation of existing bodies. His works became a global inspiration on the discovery of atomic properties of matter. Anaximenes’ beliefs centered on air as the primary ingredient in the formation of the universe. In comparison, Thales believed that water is the main predecessor, while Anaximander held on to the theory of the constant and limitless source of life. 4. a. Draw and label all of the parts of the Square of Opposition. (Image source: International Encyclopedia of Philosophy) b. Suppose that the proposition â€Å"Some* are* joggers*† is false*. For each one of the corresponding propositions, state whether it may be immediately inferred to be true or false. Provide a succinct explanation of how you reached one of your immediately inferred conclusions. A. All are joggers- universal affirmative E. Not all are joggers- universal negation I. Some are joggers- particular affirmative O. some are not joggers- particular negation Proposition A is false because not all people are joggers some can be swimmers and other kinds of athletes. While proposition E states true that some people are joggers

-How did the experience of colonialism affect Latin American Essay

-How did the experience of colonialism affect Latin American development and was this overcome with independence - Essay Example Independence of the once colony regions dictates the process in which the country will eventually develop (Brown & Paquette, 2013, p 19). In some extends, independence actively pushes the region towards positive development whereas in other scenarios, it retards the development, plunging the region into a world of chaos. This study leads towards understanding the impacts of colonization and influence of independent in postcolonial Latin America. The origin of the term Latin America is itself an illustration of the influence of colonialism in the southerner region of America. The region got the name from the establishment that its colonizing powers were the Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. The region encompasses present day countries such as the islands of Suriname, Jamaica, Haiti and Guyana, as well as, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay and southern part of the United States (Andrien, 2002, p 67). Before the arrival of these influential powers from Europe, the region in the 15th and early 16th centuries consisted of virtually indigenous people. Additionally, it is notable that the region had vastly advanced civilizations, although not to the sophistication level as was the European countries at the time. Some of the notable cultures regarded as advanced include the Aztec, Inca and Maya cultures, and origins of the people. However, through the processes of arrival of the foreigners who later colonized the region, it underwent several changes, experiences, and consequences, emerging as the Latin America region (Galeano & Belfrage, 1998, p 87). The impacts and influences of the colonial period on the region are vast. Additionally, the year also formulated the basis for the establishment of the independence wars and eventual independence of the region. During the colonial period, the immigration activity within the region consisted of mainly

The Long Term Effects of Divorce on Children Essay

The Long Term Effects of Divorce on Children - Essay Example They converse less and as a result open up negligibly. They seldom speak out what is within them and hurting from inside. They seem to be in a constant fight with their existence and life for them becomes a problem – a problem that has got no bearing on their actions and yet they are on the receiving end. Academically, these children fall back on the track of education and are less interested at gaining the new avenues of knowledge and information. They seem unwelcoming to the new technological changes and are happy with their lives, in a desolate area with no one in company. Life for them is a slow killer but a killer for sure. With the passage of time, these children grow up to a less secure financial environment and they fall back on their expenses most of the times. They are usually dependent on one of their parents, with the one they live most of the times or in instances where both the parents have let gone on them, they are dependent on their guardians, which could be just about anyone. They are always trying to make both ends meet and in this quest cry their hearts out for having more of the finances since they seem to go broke on most of the times. As stated before, academically, divorce leaves an indelible negative impression, which means that education takes the backseat for them. They seem to focus more on the material gains and yet fail to realize the importance of gaining quality education for their own betterment – education and knowledge which will guarantee them success in different areas of life. (Sun, unknown) They do not think of making a respectable career and their attention is more or less bent on extracting short term gains rather than long term profits, which could only be had in the wake of attaining education and that too in a consistent manner. Since these children are on the receiving end, they seem to end up using substances which are illegal and morally wrong for them. They indulge in